MediumChemistryHigh School (11–12)Organic Compounds with Functional GroupsNumerical

A student heats 25.0 g of ethanol with concentrated sulphuric acid at 413 K and distils the ether…

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A student heats $25.0\ \text{g}$ of ethanol with concentrated sulphuric acid at $413\ \text{K}$ and distils the ether as it forms. The yield is $70\ \%$ . Use $46.069\ \text{g/mol}$ for ethanol, $74.123\ \text{g/mol}$ for the ether and $0.713\ \text{g/mL}$ for the density of diethyl ether. Find the amount of ethanol, the mass of ether and the volume of ether collected.

Need a reminder? The key ideaShow

The number of ethers of $n$ carbons is the number of unordered pairs of alkyl groups with $n$ carbons in all. The Williamson synthesis needs a methyl or primary halide. Two alcohol molecules give one ether and one water. Yield $= \dfrac{\text{actual}}{\text{theoretical}} \times 100$ .

The worked solution

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Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.

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