Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A small metal sphere carries nC. Treat it as a point charge in air. (a) What is the potential at cm from it? (b) What is the potential at cm from it? (c) A charge of nC is carried slowly from the point at cm to the point at cm. How much work does the outside agent do?
A point charge has , with , and potentials add as numbers. A ring has on its axis. A dipole has far away. A pair of charges has , and a group has the sum over all pairs.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. The product . .
Step 2. At cm. .
Step 3. At cm. .
Step 4. The work. The charge moves from V to V, so V. , that is .
Answer: V, V and .
Check. The sphere is negative and the moving charge is positive. They attract. Moving the charge closer needs no push from the agent. The field does the work, so the agent's work is negative. It fits.
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