Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A small factory makes a metal alloy, and the manager studies the cost of making tonnes in one day. She knows the marginal cost, which is the extra cost of making one more tonne. It is thousand rupees per tonne. She also knows the fixed cost, which is the cost when nothing is made. It is thousand rupees, so . The manager notices that the top of the fraction is nearly the derivative of the expression under the root, so she plans a substitution with . After she finds the total cost , she must fix the constant of integration with the fixed cost. She writes the answer as . Then she wants two numbers for a day on which the factory makes tonnes: the total cost, and the marginal cost. Find and , the total cost for tonnes in thousand rupees, and the marginal cost at tonnes in thousand rupees per tonne.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Given. thousand rupees per tonne, and thousand rupees.
Plan. Substitute , integrate, fix the constant with , then evaluate at .
Step 1. Substitute. , so the integral is . Hence and .
Step 2. The constant. At : , so .
Step 3. Total cost at tonnes. and . So thousand rupees.
Step 4. Marginal cost at tonnes. thousand rupees per tonne.
Answer: , , the total cost is thousand rupees and the marginal cost is thousand rupees per tonne.
Check. Differentiating gives , which is the marginal cost.
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Put and , so that . Replace every , integrate in , then return to .
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