Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A small ball of mass carries a charge of . It hangs from a fixed point by a light insulating thread long. A uniform electric field of fills the region. It is horizontal and points to the right, as in the figure. The field comes from two large charged plates far from the ball, so the ball does not change it. Treat the ball as a point, ignore the air, and take .
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Plan. The weight and the electric force are both constant, so together they act like one stronger gravity, tilted from the vertical. The ball is then an ordinary pendulum about that tilted line.
Step 1. Equilibrium angle (a). The electric force is and the weight is . The thread lies along their sum, so and .
Step 2. Tension (b). . So the tilted gravity is .
Step 3. The swing (c). Released at the vertical, the ball starts at rest, to one side of its equilibrium line. A pendulum swings as far on the other side, so the thread reaches from the vertical.
Step 4. Greatest speed (d). The ball is fastest on the equilibrium line. Measured along , it has dropped by to get there:
Step 5. Greatest tension (e). On the equilibrium line the thread must supply and the centripetal force: .
Step 6. Small oscillations (f). .
Answer: (a) . (b) . (c) . (d) . (e) . (f) .
Check. At the ball is at rest again, so the two forces have done no net work: the electric force has done and gravity , and both are in size.
Watch out. The largest angle is not : the ball overshoots its equilibrium line. And the greatest tension is not at the vertical, where the ball starts at rest with .
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