Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A plant is RRYy. Its gametes come from product(g[:2], g[2:]). How many gametes does the list hold, and how many of them are different?
With two genes, product("Rr", "Yy") gives the four gametes RY, Ry, rY and ry. Four gametes meet four in 16 boxes; each gene of the child is sorted on its own. RrYy with RrYy gives 9 round yellow : 3 round green : 3 wrinkled yellow : 1 wrinkled green. A test cross with rryy shows the hidden letters of a dominant-looking plant.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. The list. product("RR", "Yy") gives RY, Ry, RY and Ry: items.
Step 2. The different ones. Only RY and Ry: .
Step 3. Why. A plant pure for one gene, RR, can only pass on R. Only the colour gene gives a choice.
Answer: listed, different.
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