Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A particle of mass moves along the positive -axis. The only force on it comes from the potential energy
where is in metres.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. The force. . It is zero at , where .
Closer in (), pushes the particle outwards; further out, pulls it back in. Either way the force points back to , so the equilibrium is stable: has its lowest value there.
Step 2. Released at . The force at the start is , away from the origin. The total energy is
The particle turns back where : gives , that is with in metres. The roots are (the start) and . So it moves between and .
It is fastest at , where is least: , so .
Step 3. Released at . Now . At the kinetic energy is , so the greatest speed is .
Far away rises towards zero but stays below it, so at every point beyond the start. There is no turning point: the particle goes out for ever, slowing down, with its speed tending to zero. It never comes back.
Answer: (a) , , stable. (b) outwards; it moves between and ; greatest speed . (c) ; it does not come back.
Check. One root of the turning-point equation must be the release point, , and it is.
Watch out. A stable equilibrium does not mean that every motion near it stays near it. The energy well has a rim at , the value far away, and a total energy of zero is just enough to climb out.
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