Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A motorcyclist rides round a flat circular test track of radius . As she passes a point A she is moving at , and she begins to brake. From then on her speed falls at a steady rate, and she comes to rest at a point B on the track, after passing A.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Given. , speed at A , time to stop .
Step 1. The two parts at A. Her speed falls steadily from to zero in , so the tangential part is , against the motion, all the time. At A the centripetal part is . The two are at right angles:
Step 2. Equal parts. The centripetal part equals when , that is . Her speed falls by at , which takes .
Step 3. The angle turned. With a steady deceleration, the distance along the track is (average speed) (time) . The angle is .
Step 4. Chord and averages. The chord of a circle that subtends an angle at the centre is :
Average velocity , along AB. Average speed , a little more, because the path is longer than the chord.
Step 5. Average acceleration. Her velocity changes from along the tangent at A to zero. So the change has the size , and the average acceleration is , pointing backwards along the tangent at A.
Answer: (a) . (b) . (c) (). (d) ; average velocity ; average speed . (e) .
Check. Just before she stops, the centripetal part has fallen to zero, so the acceleration is just , less than at A, as it should be. The average acceleration has the same size as the tangential part, , because her final velocity is zero. But it points along the tangent at A, while the tangential part turns with her.
Watch out. Average velocity uses the chord AB, not the arc. And the average acceleration is not the average of the sizes of the acceleration: it is the change of the velocity vector divided by the time.
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