Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A made-up cereal company puts a prize in a share of its bags, at random. A child opens bags one by one, and the bags are independent of each other. Find the probability of no prize in bags and the probability of at least one prize in bags. Then find the smallest number of bags that gives at least a chance of at least one prize.
Events are independent when one does not change the chance of the other. Then , and .
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. No prize in 5. .
Step 2. At least one in 5. .
Step 3. Enough bags. At least one prize needs , so . Now , which is too big, and , which is small enough. So the child needs bags.
Answer: about , and bags.
Watch out. Fifteen bags do not make a prize certain. They make it at least likely. A chance would need bags.
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