Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A fair die is thrown again and again. Find the probability that the first six comes on the fourth throw. Find the probability that there is no six in the first six throws. Then find the smallest number of throws that makes the probability of at least one six more than . Give the probabilities as decimals to four places.
With two dice, a total of has ways out of . With three dice the ways for the totals to are out of . Exactly successes in trials is counted by choosing their places: . For at least one, use the complement.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. First six on the fourth throw. Count strings of four throws: the first three have choices each and the last is a six. So .
Step 2. No six in six throws. .
Step 3. The smallest number of throws. The chance of at least one six in throws is . For it is about , which is below . For it is about , which is above.
Answer: , and throws.
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