A doctor tests the urine of four patients…
Contributed by StemPy LabTry it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A doctor tests the urine of four patients.
- Patient A has glucose in the urine.
- Patient B has ketone bodies in the urine.
- Patient C passes a very large volume of dilute urine with no glucose, and is very thirsty.
- Patient D has a urine with a pH of about and g of urea in the day.
For each patient, say what the finding is called, if it has a name, and what it suggests.
Need a reminder? The key ideaShow
Urine runs from the kidney down the ureter to the bladder. When the bladder is stretched, stretch receptors send signals to the CNS. The CNS sends motor messages: the bladder muscle contracts and the urethral sphincter relaxes. This is micturition. An adult passes to L of urine a day, slightly acidic (pH about ), with to g of urea. Glucose in the urine is glycosuria, and ketone bodies are ketonuria. Both point to diabetes mellitus.
The worked solution
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Step 1. (a) Glycosuria. It suggests diabetes mellitus.
Step 2. (b) Ketonuria. It also suggests diabetes mellitus.
Step 3. (c) A lack of ADH, which is diabetes insipidus. The water is not reabsorbed in the collecting duct.
Step 4. (d) This is a normal urine. NCERT gives a pH of about , which is slightly acidic, and to g of urea a day.
Answer: (a) glycosuria, diabetes mellitus; (b) ketonuria, diabetes mellitus; (c) diabetes insipidus; (d) normal.
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