Try it on paper first. A hint, the key idea and the worked solution are here when you need them.
A bench supply is built with a full-wave bridge on a Hz mains transformer. After the diodes, the rectified wave has a peak of V. A load takes a steady A, and the designer wants the peak-to-peak ripple to be no more than V. Find the ripple frequency, the smallest capacitor that meets the aim, the mean output voltage and the ripple factor, treating the ripple as a saw-tooth wave. Then find the ripple if the designer uses half of that capacitance. A saw-tooth wave of height has an rms value of . The capacitor supplies the whole load current while the diodes are off, and the diodes are off for nearly the whole of each ripple period.
Have you tried it?
Work it out on paper first. It is fine to get stuck or make a mistake: that is how we learn. When you are ready, go through the solution one step at a time, and check each step against your own.
Given. A, V, V and Hz.
Plan. The capacitor loses a charge in each ripple period . The voltage falls by .
Step 1. The ripple frequency. Hz.
Step 2. The capacitor. We want , so .
Step 3. The mean output. V.
Step 4. The ripple factor. , which is .
Step 5. Half the capacitance. F gives V.
Answer: Hz, F, V, and V.
Check. A capacitor half as large gives twice the ripple. A real supply has a slightly smaller ripple, because the capacitor is topped up before a full period has passed.
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For an ideal half-wave rectifier, , and the ripple frequency is . For an ideal full-wave rectifier, , and the ripple frequency is . A capacitor filter gives and . A silicon diode drops V when it conducts.