MediumChemistryHigh School (11–12)HydrocarbonsNumerical

39.0 g of benzene, with a molar mass of 78.11 g/mol, is nitrated with a nitrating mixture…

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$39.0\ \text{g}$ of benzene, with a molar mass of $78.11\ \text{g/mol}$ , is nitrated with a nitrating mixture. The yield of nitrobenzene is $80\ \%$ . The molar mass of nitrobenzene is $123.11\ \text{g/mol}$ , and the molar mass of nitric acid is $63.01\ \text{g/mol}$ . One mole of nitric acid is used for each mole of benzene.

Find the moles of benzene, the mass of nitrobenzene collected, and the mass of nitric acid needed for all the benzene.

Need a reminder? The key ideaShow

Electrophilic substitution of benzene: nitration (conc. $\text{HNO}_{3}$ and conc. $\text{H}_{2}\text{SO}_{4}$ ), halogenation ( $\text{X}_{2}$ with $\text{FeX}_{3}$ ), sulphonation (oleum), Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation ( $\text{RCl}$ or $\text{RCOCl}$ with anhydrous $\text{AlCl}_{3}$ ). Alkylation can rearrange; acylation cannot. Sulphonation is reversible.

The worked solution

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