Python Programming
High School (11–12)
High School (9–10)
Undergraduate
General
Python Going Further › Files and Data FormatsChapter 2Data In and Out
Read and write files in common formats, and handle data neatly with comprehensions, iterators and generators.
Part of Python Programming · Going Further (chapter 2)
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Files and Data Formats
Everything that a program knows disappears when it ends. A file keeps data after the program is gone, and lets one program hand its data to another. In this course you read and write text files with the with statement, choose between the read, write and append modes, handle a missing file with try and except, treat the lines of a file as records, read and write tables in the CSV format, and save whole lists and dictionaries in the JSON format. A marks book that remembers its marks between runs is the project at the end. The practice runs your code on real files and tells you which results are wrong.
Comprehensions, Iterators and Generators
A for loop that builds a list is so common that Python has a short way to write it. In this course you write list, dictionary and set comprehensions, use the helpers zip, enumerate, any, all and sorted with a key, and see what a for loop really does underneath, with iterables and iterators. You write generators with yield, which give their values one at a time and so can handle very long or even endless sequences, and you join generators into a pipeline. A word-frequency pipeline is the project at the end. The practice runs your code on real data and tells you which results are wrong.