Electromagnetic Waves
A charging capacitor has a gap that no charge crosses, yet a magnetic field surrounds it.
- Maxwell saw why, and the same idea predicted waves of electric and magnetic fields that travel at the speed of light.
- This chapter follows that idea from the displacement current to the wave, then along the whole spectrum from radio to gamma rays, and ends with the energy, the pressure and the standard calculations.
- It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, JEE Main, NEET) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP Physics.
Part of Physics · High School (11–12) (chapter 22)
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Displacement Current and the Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
Why Ampere's law fails for a charging capacitor, and how Maxwell mended it with the displacement current. Then the four equations of electromagnetism in words, the speed of light from two constants, and the wave itself: transverse, in step, with E equal to cB. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, JEE Main, NEET) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma radiation are one family. We lay them on a scale of wavelength and frequency. Then we ask where each comes from, how it is detected and what it does. The ozone layer, the greenhouse effect and the ionosphere that bounces radio waves close the course. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, JEE Main, NEET) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.