Chemistry
High School (11–12)
Chemical Thermodynamics › Systems, Work, Heat and the First LawChemical Thermodynamics › Enthalpy and Hess's LawChemical Thermodynamics › Entropy, Gibbs Energy and SpontaneityChapter 5Contains Standard contentChemical Thermodynamics
Why does a hot cup of tea cool down but never warm itself up? Why does ice melt in a warm room but not in a freezer? Thermodynamics answers questions like these with a few precise laws about energy. In this chapter you meet systems, work and heat, measure enthalpy changes, add them with Hess's law, and use entropy and Gibbs energy to decide whether a reaction can happen on its own. Python adds up the energy changes for you.
Part of Chemistry · High School (11–12) (chapter 5)
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Systems, Heat, Work and the First Law
Systems and surroundings, state functions, work and heat, internal energy and the first law of thermodynamics, with work done by an expanding gas.
Enthalpy and Hess's Law
Enthalpy and how it differs from internal energy, heat capacity and calorimetry, standard enthalpies of reaction, formation and combustion, bond enthalpies, and Hess's law.