Physics Learning Path
High School (11–12) Physics
Explore structured physics courses, solved problems, simulations and Python activities.
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Vectors and Their Algebra
A ship sails 6 kilometres north and then 8 kilometres east. How far is it from the harbour? The distance sailed is one number, but where the ship is needs a size and a direction. In this course you describe a vector by its components and its direction cosines, add and scale vectors, and find the point that divides a line in a given ratio. It covers the first part of the Indian syllabus unit (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level, IB and AP.
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Transistors and Logic Gates
How a small current controls a large one, and how switches become logic. The junction transistor and its characteristics, the transistor as an amplifier and as a switch, and the logic gates OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR and XOR with their truth tables. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET, JEE Main) and the matching topic of A-Level and IB.
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Energy Bands, Doping and the p-n Junction
Why copper conducts, glass does not and silicon can be switched. Energy bands and the band gap, intrinsic and doped (n-type and p-type) crystals, and the p-n junction with its depletion layer, its barrier and its current-voltage curve. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET, JEE Main) and the matching topic of A-Level and IB.
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Rectifiers, Zener Diodes and Light Devices
What a diode does in a circuit. Half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, the capacitor filter and the ripple, the Zener diode as a voltage regulator, and the LED, the photodiode and the solar cell. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET, JEE Main) and the matching topic of A-Level and IB.
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The Nucleus: Size, Mass and Binding Energy
How big is a nucleus, and why does it weigh less than its parts? Mass number and isotopes, the size and density of nuclear matter, mass defect and binding energy with E = mc², and the binding energy curve that explains both fission and fusion.
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Radioactive Decay and Half-Life
Why do some nuclei break up on their own? Alpha, beta and gamma decay with their nuclear equations, the decay law with half-life and mean life, and activity, decay series and radioactive dating.
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Nuclear Reactions, Fission and Fusion
Where does nuclear energy come from? The Q value of a nuclear reaction, the fission chain reaction and how a reactor controls it, and fusion in the Sun and in the laboratory. The energy calculations that boards, JEE, NEET and A-Level ask.
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Wavefronts, Interference and Young's Experiment
Why a ripple spreads in a circle, and why two ripples make a pattern. Huygens' principle and the laws of reflection and refraction, then coherent sources and the interference of two waves, and Young's double slit with its fringe width. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, JEE Main, NEET) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.
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Diffraction, Gratings and Resolving Power
Light bends round a narrow slit and spreads. We study the single slit and the width of its central maximum, then the double slit and the grating with diffraction included. The Rayleigh limit decides what a telescope, a microscope or an eye can tell apart. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.
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Polarisation, Scattering and Thin Films
Sunglasses that cut the glare, a sky that is blue, and the colours of a soap bubble. Polarised light and Malus' law, Brewster's angle and the scattering of light, then thin films and the ways a thin sheet or a liquid changes the fringes of Young's experiment. It serves the Indian syllabus (NCERT, JEE Main, NEET) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.
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The Eye, Microscopes and Telescopes
Why do some people need spectacles, and how does a telescope bring the Moon closer? The eye and its defects, the simple and compound microscope, and the refracting and reflecting telescopes, with magnifying power and the limit of what an instrument can resolve. It covers the unit of the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET, JEE Main) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.
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Lenses, Prisms and Dispersion
How does a magnifying glass make a small thing big, and why does a prism split white light? The lens maker's formula and the thin lens formula, power and combinations of lenses, and the prism with minimum deviation and dispersion, with the rainbow and the colours of the sky. It covers the unit of the Indian syllabus (NCERT, NEET, JEE Main) and the matching topic of A-Level, IB and AP.
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