The exact ratios of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° from two simple triangles, and the identities that link the ratios, used to simplify and prove.
3 lessons, about 1 h 5 min3 simulations11 problems3 practice questionsPython in every lesson
Two simple triangles give the exact ratios of , and : half of a square, and half of an equilateral triangle. As the angle shrinks to or grows to , the ratios reach and , and is not defined. With the table we can work out expressions and find an angle from its ratio.
In a right triangle, Pythagoras gives for every acute angle . Dividing by gives , and dividing by gives . With these, every ratio can be written in terms of any one of them. Angles that add to swap their ratios.
To prove an identity, start from one side, usually the more complicated one, and change it step by step until it becomes the other side. Write everything in sines and cosines when stuck, use the three identities, and never treat the identity as known while proving it. Checking a few angles can show that a claim is false, but only a proof shows that it is always true.
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