Explore structured mathematics courses, solved problems, simulations and Python activities.
A weather office reports the average temperature of a town, but a farmer also wants to know how much the temperature jumps from day to day. Start with the three averages: the mean, the median and the mode, for a short list, a frequency table and grouped data. Then measure the spread with the range, the mean deviation, the variance and the standard deviation. The shortcut and step-deviation methods save work on big tables. It covers the first part of the Indian syllabus unit (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level, IB and AP.
Which of two bowlers is more consistent, when one takes more wickets on average? Which batch of bulbs is steadier? The standard deviation alone cannot answer, because it depends on the size of the numbers. Use the coefficient of variation to compare. See what happens to the mean and the spread when every value changes, and how to combine two groups, or correct a wrong reading, without starting again. Finish with quartiles, box plots and the rule for outliers. It covers the second part of the Indian syllabus unit (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level, IB and AP.
Do students who sleep longer score higher? Does a hotter day sell more ice cream? A scatter plot shows the pattern, and the correlation coefficient puts a number on it. Then fit the line of best fit by least squares, in both directions, and use it to predict. You also learn when a prediction can be trusted, and the traps that catch many students: causation, outliers and going beyond the data. The Indian Class 11 and 12 mathematics books do not teach this topic. A-Level, IB, AP Statistics and the SAT do.
A basketball player takes ten free throws. How many will she score? You cannot say, but you can say how likely each count is. A random variable turns outcomes into numbers, and its distribution lists the chances. Find the mean and the variance of a random variable, then study repeated independent trials and the binomial distribution that describes them. The chapter ends with the normal approximation that A-Level and IB use for large trials. It covers the third part of the Indian syllabus unit (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level, IB and AP.
You roll a die behind a screen, and a friend peeks and says the number is even. What is the chance it is a six? The answer is no longer one in six. Learn to shrink the sample space with a condition, to multiply along the branches of a tree diagram, and to decide when two events do not affect each other at all. It covers the first part of the Indian syllabus unit (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level, IB and AP.
A factory has three machines, and one faulty bolt is found in the box. Which machine made it? You know how often each machine makes a faulty bolt, and now you want to run the question backwards. Split the world into cases, add the cases with the law of total probability, and reverse a condition with Bayes' theorem. Then meet the traps that catch even careful readers, from screening tests to the game show with three doors. It covers the second part of the Indian syllabus unit (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level, IB and AP.
How do you tell a friend which way a kite string runs? You give a direction, and in space a direction needs three numbers. Learn direction cosines and direction ratios, write the equation of a line in vector and Cartesian form, and find the angle between two lines. It covers the first part of the Indian syllabus unit (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level Further Maths and IB.
Two cables hang across a street at different heights. They do not touch, and they are not parallel. How close do they come? Such lines are called skew, and they exist only in space. Test whether two lines meet, find the shortest distance between two lines, and find the distance of a point from a line together with the foot of the perpendicular. It covers the Indian syllabus (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level Further Maths and IB.
A flat roof, a wall and a sheet of glass are all pieces of planes. A plane is fixed by one point and one direction that stands straight out of it. Write the equation of a plane in vector and Cartesian form. Find the angle between two planes and between a line and a plane. Measure the distance of a point from a plane, and find where two planes meet. It covers the Indian syllabus (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level Further Maths and IB.
A ship sails 6 kilometres north and then 8 kilometres east. How far is it from the harbour? The distance sailed is one number, but where the ship is needs a size and a direction. In this course you describe a vector by its components and its direction cosines, add and scale vectors, and find the point that divides a line in a given ratio. It covers the first part of the Indian syllabus unit (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level, IB and AP.
How much of a push along a ramp does a rope give when it pulls at an angle? Only the part of the force that points along the motion does the work. The dot product measures that part. In this course you find the dot product from components and from the angle. You use it to find angles and to test for right angles. Then you use it for projections and for work done. It covers the second part of the Indian syllabus unit (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level, IB and AP.
A wrench turns a bolt best when you push at right angles to the handle. The cross product captures this: it is a vector at right angles to both of its factors, and its size is the area of the parallelogram they span. In this course you use the right-hand rule and find areas of triangles and parallelograms. Then you use the scalar triple product for volumes, and for the test of whether four points lie in one plane. It covers the last part of the Indian syllabus unit (NCERT, JEE Main) and the matching topics of A-Level Further Maths, IB Higher Level and AP.
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Beyond the textbook. Find the plane through a line and a point, the plane through two lines, and the plane in a whole family. Reflect a point in a plane or a line, find a shortest path that bounces off a mirror, and bisect the angle between two planes. It is at the level of JEE Advanced, A-Level Further Maths and IB Higher Level, with a full timed paper.
Beyond the textbook. Turn an equation that is not standard into one that is, by a substitution. Solve Bernoulli equations, exact equations and equations of the form
Beyond the textbook. Build reduction formulas that bring a hard integral down to an easy one, use the symmetry properties on harder integrals, and turn limits of sums into integrals. Then compare integrals without evaluating them, and differentiate an integral whose limits depend on . It is at the level of JEE Advanced, A-Level Further Maths and IB Higher Level, with a full timed paper.
Beyond the textbook. Find where absolute-value, greatest-integer and piecewise functions fail to be differentiable. See what a functional equation such as f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) forces when f is continuous at one point. Then find patterns in the n-th derivative with Leibniz's rule. It is at the level of JEE Advanced, A-Level Further Maths and IB Higher Level, with a full timed paper.
Beyond the textbook: the greatest term and the greatest coefficient, and the coefficient of a power in a product of expansions. Then sums of series with binomial coefficients, the problems that JEE and A-Level Further Maths ask most, with a full timed paper.
Beyond the textbook: the locus of a moving point, the bisectors of the angles between two lines, and the reflection of a point or ray in a line. Then the centres of a triangle and pairs of lines, the straight-line problems that JEE and A-Level Further Maths ask most, with a full timed paper.