Why does a candle give a yellow flame and a gas stove a blue one? What is vinegar? How does soap clean? In this course we learn how carbon compounds burn and react, and we study ethanol, ethanoic acid, soaps and detergents.
3 lessons, about 1 h 15 min3 simulations10 problems6 practice questionsPython in every lesson
Carbon compounds burn to give carbon dioxide, water, heat and light. Saturated hydrocarbons burn with a clean blue flame in plenty of air, and unsaturated ones burn with a yellow sooty flame. Alcohols are oxidised to acids. Unsaturated compounds undergo addition, and saturated ones undergo substitution.
Ethanol is a liquid that mixes with water, and it is the alcohol of drinks. It reacts with sodium to give hydrogen, and with concentrated sulphuric acid it loses water to give ethene. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid that is in vinegar. It reacts with ethanol to make a sweet-smelling ester.
Soap is the sodium or potassium salt of a long chain carboxylic acid. Its tails dissolve in grease and its heads in water, so the grease is held in micelles and washed away. Soap makes scum in hard water. Detergents are not affected by hard water.
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