Green plants make their own food from light, water and carbon dioxide. Animals and fungi take theirs from others, in different ways. Follow both, and then trace a meal through the human digestive system.
3 lessons, about 1 h 30 min3 simulations12 problems6 practice questionsPython in every lesson
Living things need energy and materials all the time, even when they rest, so they carry out life processes: nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion. Green plants make their food by photosynthesis, using light, carbon dioxide and water, with chlorophyll in their chloroplasts. Gases pass in and out of the leaf through stomata.
Heterotrophs get their food from other living things, in three main ways. Holozoic living things take in whole food and digest it inside. Saprophytes digest dead matter outside their body and absorb it. Parasites feed on a living host. Amoeba wraps food in pseudopodia, and Paramecium sweeps food into one spot with cilia.
Food is broken into small molecules as it passes along the alimentary canal. Saliva starts on starch; the stomach adds hydrochloric acid, pepsin and mucus; in the small intestine bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice finish the work. Villi absorb the food, the large intestine takes back water, and the waste leaves through the anus.
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