Biology Learning Path
High School (11–12) Biology
Explore structured biology courses, solved problems, simulations and Python activities.
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Root, Stem and Leaf
StemPy LabThe tap root and fibrous root systems and the changes in roots for food, support and breathing. The stem and its modifications, and the leaf, its veins, its kinds and its modifications.
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Inflorescence, Flower, Fruit and Seed
How flowers are arranged on a plant, and the parts of a flower. Then aestivation, placentation, the kinds of fruit, and the structure of dicot and monocot seeds.
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Describing Flowering Plants and Plant Families
How a botanist describes a plant in a standard way, with a floral diagram and a floral formula. Then three families: Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Liliaceae.
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Enzymes
What an enzyme is, the active site and the lowering of activation energy. Then how temperature, pH, substrate and inhibitors change the rate, the six classes of enzyme, and cofactors, coenzymes and prosthetic groups.
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The Chemical Composition of Living Things
How a tissue is analysed for its elements and compounds, and the primary and secondary metabolites. Then the four classes of biomacromolecule, amino acids and the four levels of protein structure, and sugars, polysaccharides and lipids.
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Nucleic Acids, Metabolism and the Living State
Nucleotides and the structure of DNA and RNA, and the bonds that join each kind of monomer. Then metabolism as anabolic and catabolic pathways, ATP, and the living state as a steady state that is not equilibrium.
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Cell Theory, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What a cell is, the cell theory and who built it, an overview of cells and their sizes and shapes, and the prokaryotic cell with its envelope, mesosomes, ribosomes and inclusion bodies.
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The Cell Membrane, Wall and Endomembrane System
The fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane and how things cross it, the plant cell wall, and the endomembrane system: endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and vacuoles.
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Mitochondria, Plastids and the Nucleus
The organelles outside the endomembrane system: mitochondria, plastids, ribosomes, the cytoskeleton, cilia and flagella, centrosome and centrioles, microbodies, and the nucleus with its chromosomes.
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Chordates: Fishes to Mammals
The features of chordates, the subphyla, and the classes of vertebrates: jawless fishes, cartilaginous and bony fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
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Animals Without a Backbone
The non-chordate phyla, from Porifera to Hemichordata: sponges, cnidarians, comb jellies, flatworms, roundworms, annelids, arthropods, molluscs and echinoderms.
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How Animals Are Classified
The features used to classify animals: levels of organisation, symmetry, germ layers, the body cavity, segmentation and the notochord, and how they sort the phyla.
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