Some single cells make their own food in sunlight, and some hunt for it. A mushroom looks like a plant and has no chlorophyll. In this course we study the single-celled eukaryotes of kingdom Protista and the threads of kingdom Fungi. We see how they feed, how they reproduce, how they make us ill and how they help us.
4 lessons, about 1 h 40 min4 simulations13 problems8 practice questionsPython in every lesson
Kingdom Protista has all the single-celled eukaryotes. Some have flagella or cilia, and they reproduce by cell division and by the fusion of cells. Chrysophytes (diatoms) have silica shells. Dinoflagellates have cellulose plates, two flagella, and some cause red tides. Euglenoids have a flexible pellicle, make food in light and eat in the dark. Slime moulds are saprophytes that form a plasmodium.
Protozoans are heterotrophic protists, predators or parasites, and they are thought to be the ancestors of animals. There are four groups. Amoeboid protozoans move by pseudopodia, for example Amoeba. Flagellated protozoans have flagella, for example Trypanosoma, which causes sleeping sickness. Ciliated protozoans have cilia and a gullet, for example Paramecium. Sporozoans have an infectious spore-like stage, for example Plasmodium, which causes malaria.
Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotes. Their body is a mycelium of hyphae, which are septate or coenocytic. Their cell wall holds chitin and polysaccharides. Most are saprophytes, and some are parasites or symbionts (lichens and mycorrhiza). They reproduce by fragmentation, fission and budding, by asexual spores (conidia, sporangiospores, zoospores) and by sexual spores (oospores, ascospores, basidiospores).
Fungi fall into four classes. Phycomycetes have an aseptate, coenocytic mycelium and zygospores (Mucor, Rhizopus, Albugo). Ascomycetes, the sac fungi, make ascospores in asci (yeast, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Neurospora, morels, truffles). Basidiomycetes bear basidiospores on basidia (mushrooms, rusts, smuts). Deuteromycetes, the imperfect fungi, are known only by their asexual stage (Alternaria, Trichoderma).
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