How a tissue is analysed for its elements and compounds, and the primary and secondary metabolites. Then the four classes of biomacromolecule, amino acids and the four levels of protein structure, and sugars, polysaccharides and lipids.
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Created by StemPy LabA tissue ground in trichloroacetic acid and strained gives an acid-soluble pool of small molecules and an acid-insoluble fraction of large ones. Lipids are small but come down with the large ones, inside membrane pieces. Burning leaves ash. Cells are mostly water, and their metabolites are primary or secondary.
An amino acid has an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom and an R group on one carbon. Twenty kinds build proteins. Peptide bonds join them into a polypeptide, which folds in four levels of structure and does the work of the cell.
Carbohydrates run from single sugars to long polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen, cellulose, inulin and chitin. Lipids do not dissolve in water. Fats and oils are fatty acids joined to glycerol, and phospholipids such as lecithin build membranes.
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