Where the water of a city goes after the drain, and how microbes clean it. The steps of primary and secondary treatment, flocs and activated sludge, and what BOD tells us about water. Then the gobar gas plant, where methane making bacteria turn dung into fuel. Python does the arithmetic of oxygen and gas.
3 lessons, about 1 h 20 min3 simulations10 problems3 practice questionsPython in every lesson
The used water of a town is called sewage. It holds a great deal of organic matter and many germs, so it is treated before it goes back to a river. Primary treatment is physical: bars hold back the floating debris, the grit settles, and the solids that settle make the primary sludge.
In secondary treatment, the effluent goes into aeration tanks where air is pumped in and aerobic microbes grow as flocs. They use up the organic matter and lower the BOD. The flocs settle as activated sludge. A small part goes back as inoculum, and the rest goes to the anaerobic sludge digesters.
Biogas is a mixture of gases, mostly methane, that microbes make from organic waste without oxygen. The microbes are methanogens such as Methanobacterium. They live in the rumen of cattle, so dung is rich in them. A gobar gas plant turns dung into fuel, and the spent slurry is used as fertiliser.
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